Water quality assessment of Kusheshwar Asthan wetlands: recognizing its hydrogeochemical variability and suitability for agriculture use

Abstract Wetlands deliver many ecosystem services but are under continuous threat due to various anthropogenic activities. The present study has been carried out examine the suitability of Kusheshwar-Asthan wetland's water for agriculture. A total 57 samples were analyzed quality parameters like electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), and anions (PO43–, SO42−, N-NO3−, Cl−, HCO3−). Overall, wetland was found be alkaline. pre-monsoon had a relatively higher concentration in most except DO, NO3−, PO43− Cl−. follows order Na+ > Ca2+ Mg2+ K+ both seasons it is HCO3− SO42− Cl− NO3− post-monsoon. According Piper diagram Durov plot, Na-K-HCO3 hydro chemical facies surface water. irrigation showed that can categorized as good excellent quality. As result, this finding aid long-term sustainable use with regulated interventions. will beneficial designing extensive management plans conservation wetland.